Methods for calculating (usually) accurate
	numerical first and second order derivatives. Accurate calculations 
	are done using Richardson's extrapolation or, when applicable, a complex
	step derivative is available. A simple difference 
	method is also provided. Simple difference is (usually) less accurate
	but is much quicker than Richardson's extrapolation and provides a 
	useful cross-check. 
	Methods are provided for real scalar and vector valued functions.

2006-2011, Bank of Canada. 2012-2015, Paul Gilbert

Hans Bruun Nielsen and Stig Bousgaard Mortensen

An algorithm for general-purpose unconstrained non-linear optimization.
             The algorithm is of quasi-Newton type with BFGS updating of the inverse
             Hessian and soft line search with a trust region type monitoring of the
             input to the line search algorithm. The interface of 'ucminf' is
             designed for easy interchange with 'optim'.

Set (Normal) Random Number Generator and Seed

SetRNG provides utilities to help set and record the setting of
	the seed and the uniform and normal generators used when a random
	experiment is run. The utilities can be used in other functions 
	that do random experiments to simplify recording and/or setting all the 
	necessary information for reproducibility. 
	See the vignette and reference manual for examples.

Flexibly Reshape Data: A Reboot of the Reshape Package.

Flexibly restructure and aggregate data using just two
    functions: melt and dcast (or acast).

stringi allows for fast, correct, consistent, portable,
    and convenient character string/text processing in every locale
    and any native encoding. Owing to the use of the ICU library,
    the package provides R users with platform-independent functions
    known to Java, Perl, Python, PHP, and Ruby programmers.

Marek Gagolewski and Bartek Tartanus (stringi source code);
    IBM and other contributors (ICU4C 52.1 source code);
    Unicode, Inc. (Unicode Character Database)

Scales map data to aesthetics, and provide
    methods for automatically determining breaks and labels
    for axes and legends.