notes pathogen HIV Use this column to denote which reference you used for a given piece of information (e.g. [6] for reference 6 in the sources list), or notes pathogen_name Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 type virus 1 family retroviridae 1 disease_name AIDS( acquired immunodeficiency symptoms) 1 alternate names GRID( gay related immunodeciency), LAV(lymphadenopathy associated virus) 1 alternate diseases secondary (opportunistic) diseases, are not directly produced by this virus, but its affect is such that the body looses any ability to combat other pathogens infected during or after the onset of HIV into the system.Some of the ones which are deadliest in combination with HIV are, tuberculosis or cancer in general. primary host humans R0 R0=11.2 among prostitutes, 7.2 among Men with STDs, 11.3 in women with STDs, and 4.6 among Mothers and pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya 5 transmission blood, sexual, vertical 1 life-cycle hosts human 1 parallel hosts humans only 1 incidence 4.9 million in 2004, in the world 2 prevalence (**)33.4 to 46 million people all over the world currently live with HIV 1 symptoms initially after contraction of HIV it is mainly symptomfree. They can experience a brief period of fever, joint pain, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. As the immune system is weakened by the virus, fevers, night sweats, tiredness, weight loss, coughing, and diarrhea are common. 3 first existed Controvertial--- first case is claimed to be in 1959, although it can be proved almost certainly that it existed from 1930. 1 first recognized June 5, 1981 in US Center for Disease Control and Prevention 1 preventable? precautions can be taken to minimize the risk of being infected but any kind of immunity is not yet known immunity? NO!! The disease actually destroys the cells which gives immunity to the system such as the lymphocytes (T4 or CD4), monocytes, macrophages, and even B lymphocytes. treatable? there are no treatment for this desease and all the therapies prevalent concentrate on prolonging the life span of the infected and diminishing symptoms.the most effective drug combination is the Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) since 1996. 1 disease generation time 1day (as I understand from the source) 1(The clinical couse of infection) case mortality 100% but within a time span of 2 weeks to 15 years till they actually get AIDS after the HIV infection 1 morbidity destroys the total defence mechanism of the body so that it is easily infected by the opportunistic diseases. economic impact 1) the treatment HAART is very expensive, approximately $1200 per month[4][6]. 2) It mainly spreads among the youth of a population which hampers their career and reduces life expectancy-- which is 30yrs in some southern african countries.[2] 3) Contracting this disease at the child bearing ages also increases HIV in the following new generation. All these things have severe impacts on the economy of any country, which is evident in many developing countries. one cool thing the disease is as recent as the mid 20th century and was discovered as late as 1981. Most sophisticated resources have been used to understand this virus. According to R.C. Gallo (discoverer of HIV in the US) a period of intense discovery succeeded his intial findings, scientists are still unable to provide a full-proof treatment or vaccine of any sort. One of the greatest ironies of HIV is that it infects and destroys the very cells needed to destroy it!!!! 7 source 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV source 2 http://www.emro.who.int/asd/events-wac-2005-Statistics.htm source 3 http://www.healthsquare.com/mc/fgmc0634.htm source 4 paper-- HIV, HAART & Overseas Visitors by A. Fowler, L.Collins, N. Larbalestier, R. Kulasegaram, A. de Ruiter & V. Micunovic, http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/82/6/516 source 5 book- Infectious Diseases in Humans, Dynamics and Control, by R.M. Anderson and R.M. May, Pg 349 source 6 http://www.thebody.com/Forums?AIDS/Starting/Currents/ source 7 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/pdf/1742-4690-3-72.pdf source 8 ** The development of HAART as effective therapy for HIV infection and AIDS has substantially reduced the death rate from this disease in those areas where these drugs are widely available. This has created the misperception that the disease has gone away. In fact, as the life expectancy of persons with AIDS has increased in countries where HAART is widely used, the number of persons living with AIDS has increased substantially. In the United States, the number of persons with AIDS increased from about 35,000 in 1988 to over 220,000 in 1996.[105]